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From Babylon to Rome: How did plaster change the face of ancient architecture?
Gypsum, a versatile building material, was widely used in the Middle East as early as 7,000 years ago. For ancient architecture, gypsum is not only a decorative material, but also a key element that changes the appearance and function of a building.
The history of gypsum can be traced back to ancient Egypt, when people used gypsum as an adhesive to build pyramids. Many years later, it can still be seen in some ancient buildings.
Origin and history of gypsum
Gypsum was first used in the Middle East and appeared in ancient Egypt. In ancient Egypt, people mixed gypsum with water to make a strong adhesive that was sandwiched between the stones of the pyramids to provide a smooth surface. Over time, the use of plaster spread to several civilizations, including Babylon and Rome, significantly improving buildings both structurally and aesthetically.
In ancient Rome, plaster was used to create large wall reliefs, and these techniques spread throughout Europe with the Roman conquests, with far-reaching influence on decorative techniques.
Various types of plaster
Gypsum used today mainly includes gypsum, lime and cement. Each gypsum material has its own special properties and areas of application. Over the millennia, various forms of plaster have not only become more sophisticated in their craftsmanship, but have also greatly enhanced the aesthetics of the structure.
Gypsum
Gypsum, or plaster of Paris, is a white powder composed of calcium sulfate and water. In building decoration, it is often used to make smooth surfaces and exquisite ceiling decorations. When plaster is mixed with water it quickly combines and forms a solid mass and is widely used as a bandaging material in the medical field.
Cement gypsum
Cement plaster is a mixture of cement, sand and water and is suitable for almost all interior and exterior masonry. The advantages of cement plaster are its strength, durability and fast drying properties, making it suitable for today's technical applications.
The versatility and adaptability of plaster have made it an integral part of architecture both ancient and modern, enhancing both the functionality and beauty of buildings.
Decorative Art and Its Importance
Gypsum is widely used in decorative arts to create intricate and detailed interior designs. Whether it is geometric shapes or naturalistic floral designs, the material can perfectly simulate the texture of wood or stone. Today, gypsum ceilings have become an important part of home decoration, adding a sense of fashion to living spaces.
The role of plaster in art
In the field of art, plaster also has irreplaceable value. The famous ceiling of Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel was painted in wet plaster, a technique that ensures the durability of the painting. The plasticity of plaster later gave it a place in relief production, allowing artists to create realistic components in a simpler way.
It is worth noting that with the advancement of technology, the production and application of gypsum are becoming more and more extensive. From small works of art to large-scale architectural decorations, gypsum can be seen everywhere.
Future Outlook
Despite the rapid development of modern building materials, gypsum still retains its unique position in the fields of architecture and art. As the demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable materials increases, future gypsum products may develop in a more environmentally friendly and efficient direction. As humans explore more possibilities, how will this ancient material, gypsum, redefine the art and functionality of architecture?
