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How does the Kondo effect cause amazing interactions between conductive electrons and magnetic impurities? Come and see the magic of physics!
In the world of physics, there is a conventional language that virtually connects the mysteries of the microscopic world with our daily lives. In this field, the Kondo effect is considered a mysterious magic. This effect describes the scattering phenomenon of conducting electrons in metals due to magnetic impurities, causing astonishing changes in the resistivity of electrons as the temperature changes. . This phenomenon not only challenges the traditional concepts of scientists, but also promotes the research and development of various new materials.
When the temperature approaches absolute zero, the existence of the Kondo effect causes the scattering rate and resistivity of electrons to increase logarithmically. The emergence of this phenomenon makes scientists extra excited.
The concept of Kondo effect was first proposed by Japanese physicist Jun Kondo in the 1960s. At that time, he used third-order perturbation theory to explain the interaction between conductive electrons and d orbital electrons fixed on impurities. Kondo's research shows that when the impurity electrons are arranged in a very specific way, it changes the behavior of the conducting electrons, creating a situation with a unique resistance that changes with temperature.
The development of this theory not only helps us understand the electrical properties of metals, but also paves the way for studying the formation of heavy fermions and Kondo insulators, especially when combined with rare metals such as cerium, tantalum and yttrium. alloy.
The Kondo effect is not limited to specific metal compounds, studies using quantum dot systems have also shown similar behavior. In these systems, quantum dots with unpaired electrons act like magnetic impurities, and when they couple to the metal's conduction band, the conducting electrons scatter, a return to the Kondo effect in traditional metals.
In theoretical development, there are several important models that successfully capture the essence of the Kondo effect. The Anderson impurity model and the subsequent Wilchy renormalization theory were important contributions. Through these models, scientists can more accurately understand various physical phenomena caused by the Kondo effect, such as heavy fermions and their role in superconductivity.
In heavy Fermi materials, the non-perturbative growth of moral interactions allows the mass of quasi-electrons to reach a thousand times the mass of free electrons. This feature makes the study of the Kondo effect full of challenges and prospects. .
The influence of the Kondo effect not only lies in the electrical properties of metals, but also extends to various properties of substances. For example, the Kondo effect appears to be crucial to understanding the unusual behavior of jagged metallic phases in certain materials. In addition, recent research has further demonstrated the potential of the Kondo effect in quantum materials, which can be used to design future electronic devices.
In 2017, scientists from the Technical University of Vienna and Rice University conducted experiments to explore specific alloys composed of metals such as cerium, bismuth, and platinum, and ultimately discovered a new quantum material named Weir-Kondo semimetal. This discovery undoubtedly demonstrates the broad application prospects of the Kondo effect in new materials research.
The Kondo effect is like a magic trigger in our knowledge of physics, allowing scientists to challenge tradition again and again and unleash potential innovative inspirations. Not only did it change our understanding of electronic behavior, it also laid the foundation for new technological applications. With the deepening of research, will there be more Kondo effect phenomena that catch us by surprise in the future?
