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How to trigger new strategies for diabetes prevention and control in India's urbanization process?
According to the International Diabetes Federation, India has 212 million diabetics worldwide, accounting for a quarter of the world's diabetics. With increasing urbanization, diabetes is a growing concern in India. With the changes in urban lifestyle, residents' dietary structure and living habits have undergone significant changes, all of which have laid hidden dangers for the outbreak of diabetes.
"Most people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes."
The relationship between urbanization and diabetes
In India, about 90 to 95% of diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes, which is closely related to changes in lifestyle during urbanization. According to a 2004 study, environmental and lifestyle changes with industrialization and population migration to cities have contributed to a sharp increase in the incidence of diabetes. In the diet of urban residents, the proportion of energy intake from animal foods is significantly higher than that of rural residents, which directly affects blood sugar control.
Epidemiological data
According to the 2020 International Diabetes Federation report, there are 88 million diabetic patients in South Asia, of which 74 million are from India. Among people over 50 years old, the prevalence of diabetes reaches 11.8%. The incidence of diabetes is generally higher in urban areas, at 12% and 11.7% among men and women respectively.
"Patients with diabetes in India are experiencing early onset of chronic disease complications."
Disease burden
Over the past three decades, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by diabetes have increased significantly in India. In 2019, the diabetes-related mortality rate was as high as 19.64 per 100,000 people, and the DALY rate was 919.02. High BMI has been identified as an important risk factor for diabetes, associated with 36% of diabetes DALYs.
Prevention strategies
Faced with the increasingly serious diabetes problem, the Indian government launched the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke (NPCDCS) in 2010 with the aim of establishing a screening and early intervention system. For high-risk groups, previous studies have shown that lifestyle change intervention through information technology can significantly reduce the occurrence of diabetes.
"SMS intervention has a significant effect on improving carbohydrate sensitivity."
India Diabetes Control Plan
The India Diabetes Prevention Program is a three-year randomized controlled trial that aims to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in high-risk groups through lifestyle changes and metformin. Research demonstrates the importance of these strategies in cost-effectiveness-based prevention measures.
Future direction
Although past plans have not been able to be extended to other states, the development of future diabetes prevention strategies supported by big data and information technology may be the key to cracking the diabetes epidemic. Can this transparent and sustainable health management model truly change the current situation of diabetes in India?
As time goes by, can truly effective new strategies be developed to deal with the growing problem of diabetes prevention and control?
