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Revolutionary Surgery for Penile Reconstruction in 1936: How Did Nikolai Bogorac's Breakthrough Impact Medicine?
In 1936, a Russian surgeon named Nikolai Bogorats performed a surgery that changed medicine when he performed the first successful penis reconstruction. This surgery not only changed the lives of many people, but also laid the foundation for future generations of reproductive reconstruction technology. With the development of medicine, penis reconstruction surgery has received increasing attention, and new advances and technologies have been obtained in various types of surgeries.
The emergence of penile reconstruction surgery allows those who have lost their penis due to congenital abnormalities or accidents to restore their self-identity and quality of life.
Surgical history
The history of penile reconstruction surgery dates back to the early 20th century, but Bogorac's technique was an important turning point. He created an entirely new penis using rib cartilage and abdominal skin, a technique that pioneered many subsequent penile reconstruction surgeries. This surgery is not only a major breakthrough in the medical field, but also provides the possibility of better gender confirmation surgery for transgender men in the future. In 1946, British surgeon Harold Kilis performed the first gender confirmation surgery on a transgender man, a process that continued Bogorac's techniques and ideas.
Surgery indicators
Indications for penile reconstruction surgery include:
- Congenital abnormalities, such as micropenis, epispadias, etc.
- Patients with penile loss.
- Transgender people who want gender confirmation surgery.
Surgical techniques and related procedures
As medical technology advances, there are many different penile reconstruction techniques. For example, a flap of tissue taken from the arm or other site to create a new penis (often called a neopenis) is often used in surgery. These techniques are designed to expand the urethra and possibly temporarily lengthen the penis by releasing the suspensory ligaments. However, there is still controversy in the medical community over the safety and effectiveness of some technologies.
The American Urological Association believes that surgery to divide the suspensory ligament to increase the length of the penis has not been proven to be safe or effective.
Penile implants are also often part of reconstructive surgery as this allows the penis to gain erectile function. These implants include flexible and inflatable types, both of which are inserted during surgery to replace existing non-erectile tissue.
Technical explanation
Arm flap
This method preserves sexual sensation at the base of the penis and may connect to the nerves over time.
Chest side flap
Disadvantages of this method include the use of motor nerves, resulting in no sexual pleasure and only tactile sensation.
Leg flap
Pubic flap
Latissimus dorsi flap
Gillis Technology
Abdominal muscle flap
Subcutaneous flexible silicone implant
As medicine advances, so does contactless surgical technology, which is designed to reduce the risk of infection. This method, although relatively new, has been shown to have low infection rates, which greatly contributes to the implant's success rate.
Through the use of "no-touch" technology and antibiotic-coated implants, the infection rate was reduced to 0.46%.
Future Outlook
Not only penile reconstruction surgery, but also possible future penis transplant technology may become a standard treatment method. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, future surgical techniques will become more mature and safer.
In summary, Nikolai Bogolac's surgery in 1936 not only changed the medical community's view on penile reconstruction, but also brought hope to the lives of countless people. In the face of ever-advancing medical technology, we can’t help but ask, what kind of breakthroughs and possibilities can penile reconstruction surgery bring to patients in the future?
