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The hidden world of genes: How does CISH reveal the true status of HER-2/neu?
In the rapid development of oncology, the discovery and identification of the status of specific genes is crucial for patient treatment. Among them, the amplification of the HER-2/neu gene is closely related to the prognosis of many cancers. In recent years, Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) has gradually become a diagnostic tool due to its superior characteristics.
Technical Background of CISH
CISH technology is a cytogenetic technology that combines the detection of pigment signals in immunohistochemistry with in situ hybridization technology. Since its development around 2000, it has gradually found its place in clinical diagnosis as an alternative to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
Operation Process
"The key to CISH technology lies in probe design and tissue preparation."
The design of the probe is crucial for CISH. The probe consists of about 20 nucleotides and is labeled differently from the FISH probe, using biotin or digoxigenin for labeling. CISH is more practical than FISH because it uses bright-field microscopy for detection, as it has lower equipment costs and is easier to operate.
Comparison with other techniques
Comparison with FISH
"CISH has a sensitivity of 97.5% and a specificity of 94%, which is highly consistent with the free rate of FISH."
Although FISH is considered the gold standard for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in terms of sensitivity and resolution, CISH has shown good performance in detecting HER-2/neu gene amplification. CISH samples can be reused, thanks to the stability of its reagents, which meets the needs of modern laboratories for efficient diagnosis.
Comparison with immunohistochemistry (IHC)
"CISH can better reveal the clinical significance of gene amplification, especially in the study of HER-2/neu."
CISH and IHC have in common that both can be used for HER-2/neu amplification detection. However, the significant difference between the two is that CISH measures DNA amplification, while IHC focuses on protein expression. Studies have shown that gene amplification provides more predictive information.
Medical Applications
"HER-2/neu amplification is associated with breast cancer, leading to poor prognosis and high recurrence rate."
CISH plays an important role in the assessment of HER-2/neu status in breast cancer. Since HER-2/neu amplification is associated with a poor prognosis, timely and accurate detection of its status is key to formulating treatment plans. In addition, CISH also shows broad prospects in detecting cancer-related gene rearrangements and fusions.
CISH variants
CISH has also derived a variety of variants, including silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) and DuoCISH. These technologies have their own characteristics and play a role in different medical scenarios. For example, DuoCISH technology can identify the situation of two different probes on the same slice, providing more comprehensive information for clinicians.
Future Outlook
CISH technology has potential application prospects for early diagnosis and precise treatment of cancer. With the continuous advancement of technology and in-depth research, can we find more accurate genetic testing technology to help doctors develop more personalized treatment plans?
