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The miracle of polyacrylic acid: how it will change the future of drug delivery?
Composite materials of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and chitin have been increasingly used in the manufacture of chitin-polyacrylic acid nanoparticles in recent years. The synthesis of this composite material not only improves its biocompatibility, but also greatly improves the efficiency of drug release. The study found that combining chitin with polyacrylic acid can form hybrid nanoparticles with excellent adhesion and biocompatibility, which is crucial for the development of drug delivery systems.
"Polyacrylic acid combines the natural properties of chitin with the benefits of a high-performance material."
The research dates back to the early 1990s, when chitin began to receive widespread attention for its excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. The molecular structure of chitin enables it to be effectively dissolved in a variety of solvents and biological environments, and its application potential in drug release can be further enhanced by combining it with polyacrylic acid.
Structure, properties and synthesis
Chitin
Chitin is a polysaccharide derived from chitin, which contains deacetylated glucosamine units and acetylated glucosamine units, connected through β-1,4 glycosidic bonds and hydrogen bonds. Chitin’s reactive groups, such as hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2), make it highly transformative and can be used to create nanoparticles.
Synthesis of chitin nanoparticles
There are currently a variety of synthesis mechanisms for chitin nanoparticles, including ion gelation/polyelectrolyte complexing, emulsion droplet merging, etc. These technologies make it possible to selectively release drugs at the nanoscale.
"Through these synthetic technologies, we can design highly targeted drug delivery systems."
Polyacrylic acid
Polyacrylic acid is polymerized acrylic acid with neutral pH and good cross-linking properties. When combined with chitin, it improves drug release behavior and enhances biocompatibility.
Chitin-polyacrylic acid nanoparticles
These nanoparticles are made through chemical cross-linking technology, which can improve the coating rate and release effect of drugs. Specifically, the application of polyacrylic acid helps improve the release characteristics of antibacterial drugs such as amoxicillin and meclocillin.
Application scope
Biomedical applications
Chitin-based nanoparticles have applications ranging from cancer treatment to tissue engineering and even the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Its potential in targeted drug delivery systems has significantly improved the bioavailability of oral drugs.
Drug delivery system
Currently, drugs delivered using chitin-based nanoparticles include anticancer drugs, insulin, and a variety of antibiotics. These systems enable precise drug delivery to target specific organs, such as the lungs or colon.
"Drug delivery systems for cancer have shown promising preclinical results."
Drug coating system
In addition to drug delivery, chitin nanoparticles also excel in storing and delivering organic compounds and inorganic analytes. These particles can effectively capture toxic metals and offer potential applications in drug delivery systems.
Edible coating
Chitin, used alone or in combination with other substances, has also been successfully used to delay the decay of fruits and exhibit good food preservation properties.
Limitations and future work
However, continuous improvements are still needed to improve the stability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity of chitin-polyacrylic acid nanoparticles. Current challenges include oral delivery routes and further improvements in absorption properties. Furthermore, necessary studies on cell viability and cell proliferation are needed to facilitate the application of these nanoparticles in tissue regeneration.
In terms of synthesis technology and large-scale application challenges, can future research overcome these limitations and advance the endless possibilities of chitin-polyacrylic acid nanoparticles in medicine?
