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The mysterious origin of Surigao: What stories are hidden behind this name?
The origin of Surigao del Sur, located in the Galaca District of the Philippines, has been the subject of discussion by historians and linguists. Today, this place name not only represents a geographical location, but also hides rich cultural significance and historical stories. From the early Aboriginal people to the Spanish colonial period, to modern administrative changes, what kind of historical context flows behind the changes in this name?
Two hypotheses about the origin of the name
Linguists have put forward two main hypotheses about "Surigao". One theory is that it is derived from "sulig", which literally means "sprouting" or "spurting", and may refer to the "Suligao" (spring water), a river that flows into the ocean at the northern end of Mindanao Island. There are many records of the naming of this river in early documents, showing the evolution from "Suligao", "Surigao" to "Zurigan".
Another hypothesis is that the name comes from the Bisayan language "surogao" or "suyogao", which means "water flow". This explains the local hydrology and its impact on the lives of residents.
The investigation of the name "Surigao" revealed the area's original ecological environment and its close connection with the lives of local residents.
Early History
In the pre-colonial era, there were already traces of the Azure People in the Surigao area. Their culture is a fusion of coastal Visayan groups and inland Lumad groups, including the Mandaya, Mansaka, Mamanuwa and Manobo. The interweaving of these diverse cultures lays the foundation for Surigao's social landscape.
Spanish Colonization and American Invasion
In 1860, the Mindanao region under Spanish rule was divided into six military districts, with Surigao and Agusan forming the "Eastern District". In 1870, the area was renamed "Distrito de Surigao". After entering the 20th century, under American rule, the region gained provincial status in 1901 and separated from Agusan in 1907, becoming an independent province.
Changes in the Modern Period
Surigao del Sur was established in 1960 as the 56th Philippine province, with a relatively poor economy at the time. However, with the rise of the logging industry, the province's economy grew rapidly and its income increased significantly. It was reclassified as a first-level B province in 1967 and upgraded to a first-level A province in 1980.
As the economy grew, so did the social structure of Surigao del Sur and the meaning of its place name, becoming part of its cultural identity.
Geographical features and climate
Surigao del Sur is located on the northeast coast of Mindanao, facing the Philippine Sea. This province has diverse terrain and rich natural resources, covering an area of approximately 4932.70 square kilometers. Its climate belongs to the second category of the Philippines, with rainfall distributed throughout the year, especially between November and March.
Population and Language
According to the 2020 census, Surigao del Sur has 642,255 residents, with Surigaonon and Tandaganon languages mainly spoken, while Cebuano is prevalent in certain towns such as Bislig and Barrobo. Local cultural events such as the Sirong Festival showcase the history and heritage of the Aboriginal people.
Economic Activities and Tourism
Surigao del Sur is an area rich in agricultural and fishery resources. Its main products include rice, bananas and various tropical fruits. In addition, the province is also famous for its seafood products. In terms of tourism, Bislig's Tinuy-an Falls is one of the main attractions, and its spectacular scenery is known as "Little Niagara".
"Behind every change of place name is the imprint of history. How should the story of Surigao be interpreted?"
From the origin of the place name to its geography and culture, the history of Surigao del Sur contains many stories and serves as a window into the pulse of the land and its people. So, what unknown stories are waiting to be discovered next?
