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The secret to behavioral change: Why do certain experiences stick with us for a lifetime?
Learning is the process of acquiring new understandings, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, and attitudes that occurs not only in humans, but also in non-human animals and some machines. In fact, there is even evidence of similar learning in some plants. While some learning is instantaneous and triggered by a single event (such as being burned by a hot stove), most skills and knowledge are accumulated through repeated experiences.
Changes in learning often persist throughout a lifetime, making it difficult to discern the difference between learning material that appears to have been "forgotten" and content that cannot be retrieved.
Human learning begins at birth and continues until the end of life, a process influenced by the constant interaction between people and their environment. The nature and process of learning covers many well-established fields, such as educational psychology, neuropsychology, experimental psychology, cognitive science, and pedagogy. Continuous research has found that the types of learning can be mainly divided into non-associative learning and associative learning.
Non-associative learning
Non-associative learning refers to relatively long-lasting changes in response intensity resulting from repeated exposure to a stimulus. This kind of learning can usually be further divided into two types: habituation and sensitization.
Habitualization
Habituation refers to the process by which the response to a stimulus decreases as the stimulus is repeated. For example, a small singing bird may initially be afraid of a fake owl, but as its appearance is repeated, the bird's response decreases, indicating that it has become accustomed to the stimulus.
Sensitization
In contrast to habituation, sensitization is the progressive enhancement of a response resulting from repeated exposure to a stimulus. For example, if a person rubs their arm repeatedly, the stimulation will make the reaction more intense, which may eventually lead to pain.
Lenovo Learning
Associative learning is the process by which individuals make connections between two stimuli or events. This type of learning includes classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning
This is a way of shaping behavior by obtaining associated rewards or punishments. It emphasizes that organisms learn based on likes or dislikes, using immediate positive reinforcement to enhance desired behaviors.
Classical conditioning
In this learning process, a previously neutral stimulus is frequently paired with an unconditioned stimulus, so that eventually the neutral stimulus will be able to elicit a response on its own. The famous Pavlov dog experiment is a classic example of classical conditioning.
Social environment for learning
In addition to habituation, sensitization and associative learning, the process of social learning also plays an important role in our learning. Observational learning allows individuals to gain experience by observing the behavior of others. This kind of learning does not require rewards or punishments.
Learning is an evolving process. As humans grow and the social environment changes, the way we acquire knowledge will also change.
Games as a way to learn
Games are an important part of the human learning process. Through games, children not only learn social skills, but also explore the environment, understand rules, and develop language skills while having fun.
The influence of culture
Interaction with the cultural and social environment is an important part of learning. Through social interaction and the process of participating in daily life, individuals can learn the values and behavioral norms required in the culture.
Finally
In this age full of information, are the methods and methods of learning constantly changing with the environment?
