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The truth behind Joan of Arc's conviction: What startling secrets did the 1455 retrial reveal?
The story of Joan of Arc has always been a fascinating historical topic. In 1431, she was hanged for heresy and burned at the stake at Uluwa, a fate that not only shocked the people but also brought deep political pressure to King Charles VII of France. It was not until 1455, with the start of a retrial, that the matter took a new turn for the better. This retrial revealed shocking secrets hidden in Joan of Arc's trial.
Background
The execution of Joan of Arc presented Charles VII with difficulties. Although she played a crucial role in his coronation, she was convicted of heresy, which damaged Charles's reputation. Charles was unable to fully review Joan's trial until 1449, as Uluwa was still in English hands.
Preliminary Investigation Attempts
The Bouillard Survey of 1450
In 1450, Charles VII commissioned the clergyman Guijan Bouillard to conduct an investigation. The purpose of this investigation is to correct the errors in the original trial. However, the Bouillet investigation faces great difficulties because many important witnesses are still alive.
"When I talked to the investigators about Jeanne's fate, I felt their prejudice and injustice towards that time."
Though Bouillet questioned several witnesses, he did not make much progress as the investigation was interrupted. Charles VII, who was facing external threats to his kingdom and strained relations with the Church, chose to put the matter on hold.
De Stoutville's intervention in 1452
In 1452, Cardinal de Stoutville took over the case and entrusted the investigation to the French Inquisitor Jean Bréhat. This appointment led to a more in-depth investigation of Joan's case and the collection of a large amount of evidence and witness statements.
"We have only God at the center of this trial, and we declare the case of Joan of Arc invalid."
The Retrial and its Aftermath, 1455-56
In 1455, Joan of Arc's family petitioned the Pope, and the investigation into the case deepened. The family requested that Joan of Arc's reputation be restored and that her judges be summoned to court. Finally, in 1456, a retrial was held at Notre Dame Cathedral.
"I have a daughter, born in a legal marriage, who has done nothing to deviate from the faith."
The testimonies of hundreds of witnesses were taken into account, and most spoke highly of Joan's character and courage. After a long period of hearing and analysis, the church finally declared Joan of Arc's trial invalid on July 7, 1456.
ConclusionThe result of the retrial not only restored Joan of Arc's reputation, but also brought new glory to the image of Charles VII. The incident has caused the world to rethink the interpretation of history and the importance of personal beliefs in politics. Decades after Joan of Arc's death, her story remains compelling. So, what lessons can we learn from her story about today's society?
