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Understanding cataract diversity: Why do some babies develop cataracts of different shapes in their eyes?
The occurrence of cataracts is a common phenomenon, but in newborns, the situation of congenital cataracts is more special and complex. These cataracts are present at birth and affect the baby's vision to varying degrees. Some cataracts have little effect on vision, but others can cause significant vision damage. This article takes an in-depth look at the causes, symptoms, how to detect and treatment options for this complication.
Types and symptoms of cataracts
Congenital cataracts come in various shapes and types, including lamellar, polar, slit, coronal, blue core, core, capsule and complete types.
Some babies may have trouble following faces or objects, may have esotropia or exotropia, may experience eye tremors, and may have a white reflex in one or both eyes.
These visual symptoms are often the earliest signs that parents notice problems, so it is very important for newborns to have regular eye examinations.
Causes and genetic background
The occurrence of congenital cataracts can be classified into three main categories: about one-third are part of a broader syndrome or disease, another third are isolated genetic traits, and another third are for cases of unknown origin.
About 50% of congenital cataract cases may be genetically related, but these genetic factors are quite diverse.
In some families, different mutations in the same gene may cause similar cataract patterns, demonstrating the genetic complexity of this disease.
Diagnostic methods
All newborns should have a vision screening that includes assessment of the red reflex. This test is performed in a dimly lit room using a direct ophthalmoscope illuminated to both eyes simultaneously.
In addition to eye examination, further laboratory testing may be required if necessary to rule out other possible systemic diseases or metabolic abnormalities.
Treatment options
Early surgical intervention is extremely important for congenital cataracts where vision is significantly affected. If cataracts affect vision, surgery usually needs to be performed within a few weeks of birth to avoid affecting the normal development of vision.
Usually, if the congenital cataract is bilateral and affects vision, surgery should be performed within 10 weeks to ensure normal development of vision.
Although cataracts may not affect vision in some cases, ongoing monitoring is necessary to prevent them from affecting vision in adulthood.
Prognosis
The prognosis of congenital cataracts varies depending on the degree of cloudiness of the cataract, the time of detection, and the effectiveness of treatment. Early detection and intervention usually results in the best results, and many cases require surgery to remove the cataract.
Prompt surgical intervention can help restore vision while also preventing long-term problems such as amblyopia.
With the advancement of medical technology, most patients can achieve good visual prognosis and live fulfilling lives.
Epidemiological data
According to statistics, congenital cataract accounts for 10% of visual impairments in children worldwide and has become one of the most common treatable factors causing visual impairment in young children. Its incidence is estimated to be 1 to 6 cases per 10,000 live births.
Research on infantile cataracts continues, and understanding the diversity of this condition may help us better prepare for challenges that may arise in the future. So, have you ever wondered why some babies have such different visual challenges?
