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Fantastic transformation under water: Why is the Arctic sockeye salmon called the most mutable vertebrate on earth?
Arctic sockeye salmon (Salvelinus alpinus), a fish that lives in icy waters, is not only famous for its unique ecological characteristics, but also known as the most variable vertebrate on earth because of its diversity. The body color and shape of Arctic sockeye salmon vary depending on the environment, and scientists are amazed by these fantastic transformation processes.
Habitat and distribution of Arctic sockeye salmon
Arctic sockeye salmon mainly inhabit freshwater lakes and coastal waters in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. Their distribution range is very wide, from the Canadian Arctic to Greenland and even extending to Siberia, Russia. Arctic sockeye are not only the only fish found in those remote waters, they are also one of the least known ancient species.
Arctic sockeye salmon have environmental adaptations in their habitat that allow them to survive extreme hydrological conditions and icy waters.
Biological characteristics of Arctic sockeye
Arctic sockeye salmon are highly variable in appearance, especially in body color. The body color of Arctic sockeye salmon can vary significantly depending on the season and environment in which it lives. The back of this fish is usually dark, while the belly may be red, yellow, or white. In addition, depending on their growth status, they can be divided into two forms: dwarf and large.
Diverse appearance evolution
Arctic sockeye vary in appearance not just in color, but also in different shapes and sizes. These variations often coexist in the same waters, making Arctic sockeye very unique biologically. These variations are called "forms," and in Iceland's Lake Þingvallavatn, scientists observed four different forms: small benthic, large benthic, small surface, and large surface.
The diversity of Arctic sockeye salmon has made it a hot topic in evolutionary biology research, and it is known as "the most variable vertebrate on earth."
Ecology and reproduction
The reproductive behavior of Arctic sockeye is equally variable, with spawning often taking place in waters with rock piles that provide a safe environment for the eggs. Unlike other salmonids, Arctic sockeye do not die after spawning, allowing them to spawn multiple times throughout their lives.
Human culture and economic impact
Arctic sockeye play an important role in Aboriginal societies in the Arctic, especially those that rely on hunting and fishing. Many commercial fisheries in the Arctic are for sockeye salmon, becoming one of the important pillars of the local economy. In addition, with the advancement of farming technology, commercial farming of Arctic sockeye salmon has become popular, providing a stable supply to the market.
Conclusion
When we gain an in-depth understanding of the living habits and ecological changes of Arctic sockeye salmon, we can’t help but think: How many other species with such diversity exist quietly around the world?
