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Vanishing species: Why is the extinction of Pacific birds so shocking?
Bird conservation, as a scientific field of biodiversity conservation, is closely related to those birds that are facing threats. Historically, humans have had a profound impact on many bird species, with more than a hundred species becoming extinct over the course of history, with the most alarming human-induced extinction events occurring in the Pacific. An estimated 750 to 1,800 bird species became extinct during human colonization of Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia. In addition, according to a report by the Worldwatch Institute, many bird groups around the world are declining, and 1,200 species are expected to face extinction in the next century.
"Habitat loss is the biggest threat."
Habitat destruction is a key issue affecting birds, with forests, grasslands and other ecosystems damaged by agricultural development, mining and urban expansion, which threatens the survival of many species. Particularly the loss of tropical rainforests, which contain the greatest number of bird species but are rapidly being destroyed. Habitat loss has led to the extinction of several species, including the controversial ivory-billed woodpecker, Bachmann's painted warbler and the dusky shore sparrow, according to the data.
“The threat of introduced species may have caused the greatest number of bird extinctions in history.”
The threat of introduced species is particularly evident on islands, where many island birds have evolved in an environment without natural predators and thus have lost their ability to defend themselves against predators. Exotic animals carried by humans during migration disrupt these fragile ecosystems. For example, introduced predators such as rats, stray cats, and pigs, as well as competitors such as other bird species, put extreme pressure on these native species. Take the ancient extinct dodo as an example. The main reason for its extinction is closely related to the introduction of species by humans.
Human hunting and predatory behavior is also a factor in the extinction of birds. In the past, overhunting of certain naïve species, such as New Zealand's Maori pigs, or those facing industrial-level hunting pressure, such as the Passenger Albatross, has undoubtedly had a devastating impact on their populations.
"Some species have lost all their survival pressure due to overfishing."
In addition to habitat destruction and threats from introduced species, pollution also has a serious impact on birds. The increase in plastic waste has affected the survival of many bird species around the world, and unavoidable accidental ingestion often leads to their death. In addition, oil pollution and other chemicals have also destroyed the habitats of many birds, exposing them to more dangers.
"Capture has not been adequately vigilant for many extinct birds."
In today's society, many efforts to protect birds focus on the development of regulations, habitat protection and restoration, and techniques such as captive breeding and reintroduction. These technologies can mitigate the threats faced by birds to varying degrees. However, successful reintroduction often depends on whether the threats facing the species have been fully recognized and addressed.
Despite this, we are still witnessing discussed recoveries for some species, such as recovery plans for the California vulture and the Mauritian falcon. The success of these programs has allowed island bird species to return to the wild. Behind these successes is perseverance and hope for the future of these species.
"In bird conservation work, habitat protection is always crucial."
As global awareness of biodiversity conservation increases, governments and numerous conservation organizations are doing their best to protect these endangered birds. Whether it is legislation or the establishment of certain protected areas, these actions are aimed at preventing more species from going extinct. However, these conservation plans often conflict with other economic stakeholders, causing conflicts that are difficult to resolve.
While we are shocked by the staggering statistics of bird extinction, can we truly understand that every action has a profound impact on these lost species?
