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Why does every electronic device need a spectrum analyzer? The amazing principle behind it!
In today's era of ubiquitous digitalization and wireless communications, spectrum analyzer has become one of the basic tools for testing electronic equipment. It can not only measure the amplitude and frequency of signals, but also analyze various characteristics hidden in the signals, which is crucial for the development and maintenance of various electronic equipment. However, what is the principle behind this magical tool?
Basic functions of spectrum analyzer
The main function of a spectrum analyzer is to measure the spectrum amplitude of the input signal and display its strength at each frequency. It helps us analyze the power spectrum of known and unknown signals. Although most spectrum analyzers primarily measure electrical signals, with appropriate converters, acoustic pressure waves and light waves can also be measured. Because spectrum analyzers can reveal parameters in electrical signals that are difficult to detect in time-domain waveforms, such as dominant frequency, power, distortion, harmonics and bandwidth, these parameters are critical to the characterization of electronic devices.
In the test of wireless transmitters, the spectrum analyzer can display the complete power distribution of the signal, allowing us to clearly understand the performance of the device.
The history of spectrum analyzers
The history of spectrum analyzers can be traced back to the 1960s, when the instruments were mainly frequency sweepers. However, with the introduction of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in 1965, the first FFT-based analyzer came out in 1967. Today, spectrum analyzers can be roughly divided into three types: swept spectrum analyzers, vector signal analyzers, and real-time spectrum analyzers.
Types of spectrum analyzers
Types of spectrum analyzers vary primarily based on the method used to obtain the spectrum of a signal, including swept frequency and fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum analyzers. A frequency sweeper utilizes a superheterodyne receiver to downconvert a portion of the spectrum of the input signal to the center frequency of a narrow bandpass filter. At the same time, the FFT analyzer obtains the signal spectrum by calculating the periodic diagram of the timing sequence.
Understanding the different types of spectrum analyzers is key to our effective selection and use.
Usage scenarios of spectrum analyzer
Spectrum analyzers are widely used in the testing and manufacturing processes of various wireless devices. By measuring frequency response, noise and distortion characteristics, engineers can ensure that each device complies with regulatory requirements. For example, in electromagnetic compatibility testing (EMC), spectrum analyzers can help detect potential problems in advance, thereby avoiding compliance issues after the product is launched.
Technical principles of spectrum analyzer
The working principle of the spectrum analyzer can be divided into two major technologies: frequency sweep and FFT. The frequency scanner obtains the signal spectrum by adjusting the transmit frequency and monitoring the output of the filter, while the FFT obtains the frequency characteristics of the signal in real time through digital conversion technology. From a technical perspective, FFT analyzers require a higher sampling rate and powerful computing power to perform calculations, while frequency scanners can obtain higher frequency resolution through slower scanning speeds.
Accurate analysis of spectrum not only improves the stability of the design, but is also the key to maintaining equipment performance.
The future of spectrum analyzers
With the continued advancement of electronic technology and the growth of wireless communication needs, the application of spectrum analyzers will continue to expand. Future spectrum analyzers will not only improve their frequency analysis capabilities, but also pay more attention to portability and intelligence to meet the needs of instant testing.
In summary, spectrum analyzers play an integral role in the design and testing of electronic devices. As technology advances, the functions of these instruments will become more powerful, which makes people wonder: How will future spectrum analyzers change the way we understand and analyze signals and electronic devices?
