Estimation of Total Usual Dietary Intakes of Pregnant Women in the United States

Abstract

Key Points Question How do the usual dietary intakes of pregnant US women compare with the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes for nutritional adequacy and excess? Findings This cross-sectional analysis of 1003 pregnant US women found that many pregnant women did not consume enough key nutrients during pregnancy, specifically, vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and B6, as well as folate, choline, and minerals including iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. Almost all pregnant women consumed excessive sodium, and many were at risk of excessive consumption of folic acid and iron. Meaning Improved dietary guidance appears to be warranted to help pregnant women to meet but not exceed dietary recommendations.