Use of the PsycheMERGE Network to Investigate the Association Between Depression Polygenic Scores and White Blood Cell Count.

Abstract

Importance\nAlthough depression is a common psychiatric disorder, its underlying biological basis remains poorly understood. Pairing depression polygenic scores with the results of clinical laboratory tests can reveal biological processes involved in depression etiology and in the physiological changes resulting from depression.\n\n\nObjective\nTo characterize the association between depression polygenic scores and an inflammatory biomarker, ie, white blood cell count.\n\n\nDesign, Setting, and Participants\nThis genetic association study was conducted from May 19, 2019, to June 5, 2021, using electronic health record data from 382\u202f452 patients across 4 health care systems. Analyses were conducted separately in each health care system and meta-analyzed across all systems. Primary analyses were conducted in Vanderbilt University Medical Center s biobank. Replication analyses were conducted across 3 other PsycheMERGE sites: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mass General Brigham, and the Million Veteran Program. All patients with available genetic data and recorded white blood cell count measurements were included in the analyses. Primary analyses were conducted in individuals of European descent and then repeated in a population of individuals of African descent.\n\n\nExposures\nDepression polygenic scores.\n\n\nMain Outcomes and Measures\nWhite blood cell count.\n\n\nResults\nAcross the 4 PsycheMERGE sites, there were 382\u202f452 total participants of European ancestry (18.7% female; median age, 57.9 years) and 12\u202f383 participants of African ancestry (61.1% female; median age, 39.0 [range, birth-90.0 years]). A laboratory-wide association scan revealed a robust association between depression polygenic scores and white blood cell count (β, 0.03; SE, 0.004; P\u2009=\u20091.07\u2009×\u200910-17), which was replicated in a meta-analysis across the 4 health care systems (β, 0.03; SE, 0.002; P\u2009=\u20091.03\u2009×\u200910-136). Mediation analyses suggested a bidirectional association, with white blood cell count accounting for 2.5% of the association of depression polygenic score with depression diagnosis (95% CI, 2.2%-20.8%; P\u2009=\u20092.84\u2009×\u200910-70) and depression diagnosis accounting for 9.8% of the association of depression polygenic score with white blood cell count (95% CI, 8.4%-11.1%; P\u2009=\u20091.78\u2009×\u200910-44). Mendelian randomization provided additional support for an association between increased white blood count and depression risk, but depression modeled as the exposure showed no evidence of an influence on white blood cell counts.\n\n\nConclusions and Relevance\nThis genetic association study found that increased depression polygenic scores were associated with increased white blood cell count, and suggests that this association may be bidirectional. These findings highlight the potential importance of the immune system in the etiology of depression and may motivate future development of clinical biomarkers and targeted treatment options for depression.