Role of Thin Gingival Phenotype and Inadequate Keratinized Mucosa Width (< 2 mm) as Risk Indicators for Peri-implantitis and Peri-Implant Mucositis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nThere is growing evidence on the impact of thin gingival phenotype (TnP) and inadequate keratinized mucosa width (KMW < 2 mm) around dental implants on peri-implant health. This study investigated the role of TnP and inadequate KMW (< 2 mm) as risk indicators for peri-implantitis and mucositis and on dental patient-reported outcomes.\n\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS\n63 patients with 193 implants (mean follow-up of 6.9 ± 3.7 years) were given a clinical and radiographic examination and a questionnaire to assess patient awareness of food impaction and pain/discomfort. Chi-squared tests and regression analysis for clustered data were used to compare outcomes.\n\n\nRESULTS\nImplants with TnP had a statistically higher prevalence of peri-implantitis (27.1% vs 11.3%; PR 3.32, 95% CI 1.64 -6.72, P = 0.001) peri-implant mucositis (42.7% vs 33%; PR 1.8, 95% CI 1.12 -2.9, P = 0.016) and pain/discomfort during oral hygiene (25% vs 5%, PR 3.7, 95%CI 1.06-12.96, P = .044) than thick phenotype (TkP). Implants with inadequate KMW had a statistically higher prevalence of peri-implantitis (24.1% vs 17%; PR 1.87, 95% CI 1.07 -3.25, P = 0.027) and peri-implant mucositis (46.6% vs 34.1%; PR 1.53, 95% CI 1 -2.33, P = 0.05) and pain/discomfort during oral hygiene (28% vs 10%, PR 2.37, 95%CI 1.1-5.1, P = 0.027) than the adequate KMW. TnP was strongly associated with inadequate KMW (PR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.69 - 6.04, P < 0.001).\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nTnP and inadequate KMW (< 2 mm) may be significant risk indicators for peri-implant disease and pain/discomfort during brushing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.