Two Medicinal Plants (Alkanna trichophila and Convolvulus galaticus) from Turkey: Chemical Characterization and Biological Perspectives

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to quantify selected phenolic compounds, determine antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects of the aerial parts of Alkanna trichophylla Hub.‐Mor. (A.\u2005trichophylla) and Convolvulus galaticus Rost.ex Choisy (C.\u2005galaticus) extracts prepared by homogenizer‐assisted extraction (HAE), maceration (MAC) and infusion techniques. This is the first time such study has been designed to validate the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of these plants. Multivariate analysis was conducted on collected data. Rutin and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives were the most significant compounds in A.\u2005trichophylla and C.\u2005galaticus, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity of A.\u2005trichophylla was mostly exhibited by HAE/methanolic extracts as determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP (51.39, 112.70 and 145.73\u2005mg TE/g, respectively) and phosphomolybdenum (2.05\u2005mmol TE/g) assays. However, significant antioxidant activities varied within the extracts of C.\u2005galaticus. HAE/methanolic extract of A.\u2005trichophylla significantly depressed AChE (2.70\u2005mg GALAE/g), BChE (5.53\u2005mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (26.34\u2005mg KAE/g) activities and that of C.\u2005galaticus inhibited AChE (2.04\u2005mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (31.25\u2005mg KAE/g) and α‐amylase (0.53\u2005mmol ACAE/g) activities significantly. We concluded that HAE was the most efficient extraction technique as high yield of compounds and promising bioactivities were recorded from extracts prepared. Multivariate analysis showed that types of solvents influenced recovery of compounds and biological activities. This research study can be used as one methodological starting point for further investigation on these plants as all results are clearly promising and open the door to further research challenges such as cytotoxicity evaluation, molecular docking analysis, and more screening of pharmacological actions.