Hydrophilic interaction-based magnetically assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction of carbadox and olaquindox in feeds.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nCarbadox and olaquindox have been banned from feeds by European Union because of their mutagenic, photoallergic, and carcinogenic effects since 1998. Unfortunately, due to their outstanding effect, they are frequently abused or misused in animal husbandry. There is an urgent need to develop a sensitive and reliable method for monitoring these drugs in animal feeds.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThis work reported a new method of hydrophilic interaction-based magnetically assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction (MMSPD) coupled with reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of carbadox and olaquindox in animal feeds. 3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate (γ-MAPS)-modified attapulgite (ATP) was crosslinked with γ-MAPS-modified Fe3 O4 , 1-vinyl-3-(butyl-4-sulfonate) imidazolium (VBSIm), acrylamide (AM) and N,N -methylene-bis(acrylamide) (MBA) to synthesize ATP@Fe3 O4 @poly(VBSIm-AM-MBA) particles. The resultant particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Crosslinking of ATP into the magnetic particles has significantly increased the adsorption capacity of the particles. Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection (S/N\xa0=\xa03) were 0.3 and 0.9\u2009μg\u2009kg-1 for carbadox and olaquindox, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day recoveries of the spiked targets in feed samples were in the range of 83.5-98.3% with relative standard deviations of 1.0-8.3%.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nWith a simplified procedure and a low amount of sample, the proposed hydrophilic interaction-based MMSPD method is not only useful for the determination of carbadox and olaquindox in feeds but also holds great promise for the analysis of other polar targets in solid or semisolid matrices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.