In situ pedicle lengthening and perforator shifting technique for overcoming the perforator variation of the anterolateral thigh free flap during head and neck reconstruction.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nAnterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap is one of the most popular options for surgeons when reconstructing head and neck defects. When the recipient vessels are located in a remote site, a flap with adequate pedicle length is essential. The conventional methods of either pedicle elongation or fabricating combined flap increase the total surgical time. We present the experience on the use of what in situ pedicle lengthening and perforator shifting technique to overcome these problems.\n\n\nMETHODS\nFifteen patients with an age range of 38-65\u2009years underwent in situ vascular transposition microsurgery of the ALT free flap harvest during head and neck reconstruction. Fourteen patients were male and one was female. Indications for reconstruction were malignant neoplasm in 14 patients and osteoradionecrosis in one patient. In this series, the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral vessels was used for interposition grafts. If the pedicle length was insufficient, the interposition grafts were used to lengthen the pedicle. The interposition grafts could also bridge different perforasomes in the thigh region in complex head and neck reconstruction.\n\n\nRESULTS\nOf the 15 patients, 11 received the in situ pedicle lengthening technique, while four patients received in situ fabricated combined techniques. After surgery, all of the patients were followed up for at least 3\xa0months. Two partial wounds involving poor healing occurred but finally healed after debridement. There were two major complications: one case involved venous thrombosis of the anastomosis and the other suffered from hematoma. Both cases were salvaged. All of the 15 free ALT flaps were successful.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe alternative method employed in this series was able to solve the ALT flap perforator variation. Although the enrolled cases were confined to only head and neck reconstruction in the series, the in situ technique of the ALT flaps could be administered during reconstruction in other regions.