Orally Administered DHA Enriched Phospholipids and DHA Enriched Triglyceride Relief Oxidative Stress, Improve Intestinal Barrier, Modulate Inflammatory Cytokine and Gut Microbiota, and Meliorate Inflammatory Responses in the Brain in DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice.

Abstract

SCOPE\nStudies based on DHA/EPA supplementation in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) revealed controversial results. We speculated different forms of DHA may explain the controversial results. Therefore, we compared the effects of DHA enriched phospholipids (DHA-PL) and DHA enriched triglyceride (DHA-TG) on IBD.\n\n\nMETHOD AND RESULTS\nMale C57BL6/J mice were given DHA-PL and DHA-TG for 14 consecutive days, and received ad libitum a 3.0% dextran sodium sulfate solution on the 8th day to establish IBD model. The results showed that both DHA-PL and DHA-TG could reverse the colitis pathological process by decreasing the disease activity indexes (DAI), raising the colon length, suppressing the intestinal permeability, suppressing the oxidative stress, down-regulating pro-inflammatory factors, up-regulating anti-inflammatory factor in colon tissues. DHA-PL and DHA-TG also regulated the composition of gut microbiota via decreasing of the abundance Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and DHA-TG increased the abundance of Odoribacter. Importantly, DHA-PL and DHA-TG obviously attenuated the activation of microglia.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nDHA-PL showed outstanding advantages in regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier permeability. The current research indicated that the existence of DHA affected the improvement, DHA in phospholipid form could be a more effective choice for nutritional intervention to prevent and treat colitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.