Imaging Diagnosis of Biceps Tendon and Rotator Interval Pathology

Abstract

One of the most complex regions of anatomy of the upper extremity is the rotator interval located in the anterior-superior aspect of the shoulder. Its functionality and integrity are critical for the stability and biomechanical leverage of the long head of the biceps tendon as it traverses this space. Furthermore, the rotator interval supports the forces promoting proper functioning of the glenohumeral joint, which accounts for the primary motion of the upper extremity. Pathology of the rotator interval can be challenging to diagnose both on imaging studies and arthroscopically because of its small structures, anatomic variants, and orientation of these various parts within a confined space. We discuss the normal and pathologic appearances of this region in conjunction with the appropriate anatomy and functionality of such as well as the latest treatment options.