Optimal Load-Frequency Regulation of Demand Response Supported Isolated Hybrid Microgrid Using Fuzzy PD+I Controller

Abstract

This work is an early attempt to study the frequency fluctuations because of penetration of Wind and Solar-thermal based renewable powers into a demand response supported isolated hybrid microgrid, coordinating Micro-hydro/Biogas/Biodiesel generators using Fuzzy Proportional, derivative+Integral (PD+I) controller. Initially, a fuzzy PD+I controller is designed considering 5 membership functions and the proposed system responses are compared with PID and fuzzy PD controllers by tuning gains considering the same parameters of particle swarm optimization (PSO). The responses of the proposed microgrid are investigated by connecting renewable units one by one with the Biogas/micro-hydro generator, which witness the increment in fluctuations with penetration. Finally, frequency fluctuations of the system are adequately reduced optimally by the inclusion of Biodiesel generator and demand response contributions into the microgrid using PSO tuned Fuzzy PD+I controllers.