Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2–3% of all adult malignant neoplasms. The incidence of RCC is increasing globally, with rates varying by country, age, race, and sex. Risk factors the development of RCC include cigarette smoking, obesity, hypertension, and industrial chemical exposure. In contrast, the consumption of fruit, vegtables and alcohol is associated with a decreased risk of RCC. In a minority of cases, the development of RCC is tied to hereditary syndromes. This chapter will discuss established and proposed risk factors for RCC. In addition, the available evidence and mechanisms associated with each risk factor will be reviewed.