Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS)

Abstract

The cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) include familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS) and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) with shared and unique clinical features. Most patients possess heterozygous NLRP3 mutations leading to a hyperactive inflammasome, subsequent overproduction of interleukin (IL)-1β and inflammatory symptoms. Diagnostic challenges include a heterogeneous multi-systemic clinical presentation, somatic mosaicism, and low penetrance mutations. IL-1 targeted therapy has become the standard of care for CAPS based on its clinical efficacy and safety.