Bioactivity of Red Sea Algae for Industrial Application and Biomedical Engineering

Abstract

The Red Sea is largely undiscovered, strange wellspring of bioactive materials that its waters have not received sufficient and broad inspection till date. It expands for approximately 2000 kms and its semi segregation jointly with a rising saltiness at high water temperatures have offered new research trends for biological communities and developmental adjustments. Just a couple of marine green growths have been accounted for from the Red Sea up until now (27 passages in Algae Base rather than 512 for the Caribbean and 307 for the Arabian Gulf) and researches exploring the bioactivity of Red Sea algae are not many. Marine living beings have ended up being a rich wellspring of unprecedented and hopeful bioactive atoms for an extensive variety of uses, including novel therapeutics, cosmetics, and biotechnological applications. Marine algae, beside whichever benthic organisms, are predominately influenced by marine biofouling (epibiosis). It was confirmed that the aforementioned creatures yield secondary metabolites with antialgal, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-macrofouling and antiprotozoal characteristics in order to retain their surfaces without epibionts. Accordingly, natural yields from marine algae prove to be a favourable alternate source of unprecedented ecologically friendly compounds. Interestingly, exposing algae to light and high oxygen concentrations will stimulate the formation of inflammatory mediators like ROS and NOS. Consequently, algae are capable to produce the substantial compounds in order to protect themselves from external factors like UV radiation, stress and pollution. Generally, natural products are the main origin of compounds utilized in cancer therapy with over 75% of antineoplastic drugs in clinical research trials being either acquired or at least created by nature. Hence, marine algae possess a particular function since they are to an increasing extent significant dietary constituent in considerable portions of the world and are discussed as prospective, pharmaceutical foods in cancer management. In addition to the anti-cancer activity, marine algae display a multitude of anti-viral activities with an essential number of investigations concentrating on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), thereby exploring the significance of the aforementioned viral pathogen. HIV-1 keeps being a considerable human being health concern since there are more than 35.3 million people infected globally and 2.3 million new infections annually. Algal compounds were found to attack different steps of HIV-1 replication, covering viral entry and the main viral enzymes such as Reverse Transcriptase (RT), Integrase, and Protease. Furthermore, epidemiological discoveries indicate a consumption connection of marine algae with a low prevalence of HIV/AIDS in several Eastern Asia locations.