Biocomposites of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Lignocellulosic Components: A Focus on Biodegradation and 3D Printing

Abstract

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are defined as natural and biodegradable biopolymers obtained by microbial synthesis. PHAs are classified as short chain length (3–5 carbon monomers), medium chain length (6–14 carbon monomers), and long chain length (15–18 carbon monomers), depending on the number of carbons in the monomeric constituents. Little is known about the biodegradation potential of PHAs in nature and how this can be tailored by adding complementary polymers and lignocellulosic components. In this chapter, we have reviewed the current literature with a focus on biocomposites based on PHAs and lignocellulosic materials. We also complemented this chapter with a case study, including recent results from our research activities within this area. Examples are provided on how lignocellulosic materials affected the mechanical properties of PHAs and increased the biodegradation rate in soil. We also explored the potential of 3D printing by fused deposition modeling as a novel technology to manufacture PHA-based products.