Water stress modifies canopy light environment and qualitative and quantitative yield components in two soybean varieties

Abstract

The influence of three levels of water supply (unlimited (WW); water stress during flowering (RO); rainfed (P)) on radiation properties and yield of two soybean varieties (Sinara, Sin; Sigalia, Sig) were evaluated. Sin is considered to be tolerant to water stress. The effect of leaf area index, year, variety, and meteorological variables on evapotranspiration (ET) was analysed by hierarchical regression. This study attempted to identify how water supply affects the crop–light relationship between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmission and radiation use efficiency (RUE), which were involved in qualitative and quantitative traits related to soybean production (biomass and yield attributes: seed yield, 1000-grain weight, oil and protein content). Unstandardized coefficients of air temperature (Ta) showed that a 1\xa0°C increase in daily mean Ta induced a higher ET, on average 0.16\xa0mm\xa0day−1. Soil moisture strongly affected sowing time. When averaged across three seasons at flowering, 97.7, 95.1 and 97.3% of incoming PAR were intercepted by the canopies of plants in WW, RO and P, respectively. The average extinction coefficient (k) and RUE pooled across both varieties were 0.42 and 1.32\xa0g\xa0MJ PAR−1 for WW, and 0.46 and 0.98\xa0g\xa0MJ PAR−1 for RO, respectively, compared with 0.44 and 1.15\xa0g\xa0MJ PAR−1 for P. As expected, water treatment significantly affected all yield traits: RO decreased yield whereas WW increased yield compared to P. Practically, both varieties are suitable for cultivation under water stress during flowering but Sin showed greater yield under unlimited watering and rainfed conditions.