In vitro and in silico inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase by the leaf and callus extracts of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd.

Abstract

In the present study, the leaf and callus extracts of Vernonia anthelmintica prepared in three different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform) were assessed for inhibition of α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21). Both the leaf and callus extracts showed remarkable inhibition against these enzymes. Alpha-amylase inhibition was the highest in ethyl acetate extract of calli and methanolic extract of leaves. Ethyl acetate extract of both leaf and calli showed significant alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase inhibition. HR-LCMS analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of leaf extract showed the presence of the flavonol rhamnetin. Also, the HPLC chromatogram revealed the presence of rhamnetin in callus extract. Further, in silico docking studies of rhamnetin was done against the above-mentioned enzymes. The in silico analysis revealed that compound rhamnetin showed good enzyme inhibition.