Optimal Operation of Virtual Power Plant with Considering the Demand Response and Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The needs of human communities for electrical energy is increasing every day, and as a result, the price of fossil fuels is steadily increasing. Considering the trend of advances in renewable energy technologies and the support of governments and energy policymakers to make more use of these clean and inexpensive resources. Limitations such as low capacity, the uncertainty of output power and stability issues have made it costly and difficult to use Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). To solve these problems, a new concept known as Virtual Power Plant (VPP) has been proposed to facilitate the exploitation of DERs. The VPP is a set of DERs that are put together for market participation. Also, efforts to reduce the amount of environmental pollution have replaced the use of Electric Vehicles (EV) instead of internal combustion engines. Regarding this paper, a new model for optimizing virtual power plant is presented. In this model, the Demand response (DR) has been used, whose modeling is based on Price-Based Demand Response for ordinary loads and incentive. To solve the problem a mixed integer linear programming model is proposed to maximize the profit of the virtual power plant. In order to see the effectiveness and satisfying performance of proposed model, a case study including DERs, EV, and loads is studied as test system. The simulation results using Matlab and GAMS show the efficiency of the proposed model and proves that simultaneous use of the price-based demand response program, smart charging, and the participation of electric vehicles in demand responses reduces operating costs.