The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine | 2019
Abstracts
Abstract
The following abstracts and title references represent material published from the Yale University School of Medicine during the second quarter of 1946. Barcroft, J., and D. H. Barron: Observations upon the form and relations of the maternal and fetal vessels in the placenta of the sheep. Anat. Rec., 1946, 94, 569-95. Observations on the arrangement of the fetal and maternal blold vessels in the cotyledonary placenta of the sheep led to the conclusion that blood flows in opposite directions in parallel nets of maternal and fetal. capillaries in villi which increase in length with advancing gestation. During the first 90 days of gestation (total ca. 150 days) the fetal vascular bed and its supporting tissue, Wharton s jelly, reach their maximum development, while in the second period the maternal vascular bed increases steadily with a reduction in the volume of Wharton s jelly. These changes parallel changes in the degree to which the blood in the umbilical vein is saturated with oxygen, the saturation increasing to its maximum at 90 days and declining thereafter. The weight of the cotyledon follows a similar course. A.F.G. Bliss, C. I.: An experimental design for slope-ratio assays. Ann. Math. Statistics, 1946, 17, 232-37. When the response to a drug is a linear function of arithmetic dosage units the relative potency of two preparations can be computed as a sloperatio assay. This paper describes the method which is applicable to certain micro.tbiological assays for the vitamins when several unknowns are assayed at one time with a single standard. A.F.G. Brody, E. B., and B. E. Moore: Prefrontal lobotomy. A review of recent literature. Connecticut State Med. J., 1946, 10, 409-21. After a review of the recent literature on prefrontal lobotomy the authors conclude that this operation is valuable in the treatment of certain selected mental patients after electro-shock and other therapies have been given adequate trial. The patients include schizophrenics who have not deteriorated and who show evidence of active mental conflict, chronic agitated depressions, and severe tension states. In the postoperative period the patients may show irresponsible and immature behavior which necessitates prolonged supervision and retraining before recovery is attained. A.F.G. Burdette, W. J., and A. E. Wiihelmi: Respiration of heart muscle slices from rats in the terminal stage of hemorrhagic shock. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med., 1946, 61, 411-13. YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE The condition of th-e heart muscle was investigated as to its possible contribution to the development of severe hemorrhagic shock. Determinations were made of the rate of oxygen uptake of heart muscle slices from normal rats and also from rats in the terminal stages of severe hemorrhagic shock. The oxygen uptake of the latter was significantly less than that of the former in the absence of a substrate, sodium pyruvate. The rate of oxygen uptake was increased, but still less than normal, in the presence of the