Gluten-free bread: effect of soy and corn co-products on the quality parameters

Abstract

Bread is one of the most consumed products in the world and the most studied among the gluten-free foods. Agroindustry co-products are rich sources of functional ingredients, and their chemical composition suggests great potential as a raw material for the food industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of 10–30% of okara flour (OF), and 15–45% of corn bran (CB) on the physical and chemical characteristics, sensory profile and consumer preference of gluten-free breads. The addition of higher concentrations of OF resulted in products with decreased technological properties (lower specific volumes, lower slice height, higher firmness, darkening and discoloration of the yellow color). The addition of CB contributed to the maintenance of the yellow color in the crust and crumb and to the increase in the corn flavor intensity. The formulation with 20% OF and 40% CB would be the most interesting, because of the chemical composition (30\xa0µmol of isoflavones aglycones/g of sample and 12.87\xa0g of dietary fiber/100\xa0g of sample and lower content of carbohydrates and caloric value) and similar consumer preference to the other formulations. This formulation had lower discoloration of the yellow color and showed sensory properties suited to consumer preference, such as firmness, porosity, compaction (appearance), corn flavor and moisture (texture). The okara flour and corn bran, soy and corn co-products, respectively, can be used as ingredients in the preparation of gluten-free breads with adequate physical, chemical, technological and sensorial characteristics.