Mechanobiology-based physical therapy and rehabilitation after orthobiologic interventions: a narrative review

Abstract

This review aims to summarize the evidence for the role of mechanotherapies and rehabilitation in supporting the synergy between regeneration and repair after an orthobiologic intervention. A selective literature search was performed using Web of Science, OVID, and PubMed to review research articles that discuss the effects of combining mechanotherapy with various forms of regenerative medicine. Various mechanotherapies can encourage the healing process for patients at different stages. Taping, bracing, cold water immersion, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy can be used throughout the duration of acute inflammatory response. The regulation of angiogenesis can be sustained with blood flow restriction and resistance training, whereas heat therapy and tissue loading during exercise are recommended in the remodeling phase. Combining mechanotherapy with various forms of regenerative medicine has shown promise for improving treatment outcomes. However, further studies that reveal a greater volume of evidence are needed to support clinical decisions.