A comparison study assessing neuropsychological outcome of patients with post-operative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome and matched controls after proton radiation therapy

Abstract

Purpose Post-operative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS), characterized by mutism, ataxia/hypotonia, and emotional lability, can result in long-term deficits following resection of posterior fossa (PF) tumors. This longitudinal study compared neuropsychological outcomes of pediatric patients with post-operative CMS to a matched control patient group without CMS. Methods Fifty-eight PF tumor patients received post-surgical proton radiation therapy (PRT) and testing at baseline and at ≥\u20091-year post-PRT over a 10-year period. Of these, 18 (31%) had post-operative CMS with baseline and follow-up neuropsychological test data. Those participants were matched to 18 controls by tumor location, age, gender, and handedness; no significant group differences were found at baseline for clinical/demographic variables. Total mean age at baseline was 7.26\xa0years (SD\u2009=\u20094.42); mean follow-up interval was 3.26\xa0years (SD\u2009=\u20092.24). Areas assessed: overall intelligence, expressive and receptive vocabulary, visuomotor integration, fine motor speed, inhibition, emotional control, depression, and anxiety. Results Patients were 52% male; 86% medulloblastoma/14% ependymoma; 86% craniospinal irradiation/14% focal radiation; and 86% chemotherapy. No group differences were found between most mean baseline scores; expressive vocabulary and fine motor speed were significantly lower in the post-operative CMS group ( p \xa0<\u20090.05). Mean change scores revealed no significant differences for the sample; scores were within the normal range except fine motor skills were impaired for both groups. Conclusions Longitudinal neuropsychological outcomes for post-operative pediatric CMS patients did not differ significantly from matched controls without this condition. Patients were in the normal range in all areas except fine motor speed, which was impaired for both groups independent of CMS diagnosis.