Scattering and clustering the proximal screw construct in unilateral locking plate osteosynthesis of distal femoral fractures

Abstract

The importance of fixation construct in locking compression plate (LCP) is not well enlightened until recently. The aim of this study was to investigate radiological and clinical outcomes of scattering and clustering of the proximal screw fixation construct in unilateral LCP treatment of the distal femoral fractures. Patients who were treated for distal femoral fractures using unilateral LCP between January 2014 and December 2019 in our institute were included in this retrospective study. They were divided into groups 1 (35 cases, scattered proximal screw fixation) and 2 (35 cases, clustered proximal screw fixation). Mean follow-up period was 23.6 months for group 1 and 21.3 months for group 2. Medical history, patient demographics, injury characteristics, and surgical characteristics were reviewed and analyzed. Radiological findings including time to callus formation, bridging callus formation, union, and symmetry of the union were assessed and compared between the groups. Clinical outcomes included total blood loss during the operation, postoperative range of motion, and number of revision surgery. The time for callus formation (5.8 weeks in group 1 vs. 4.1 weeks in group 2, p\u2009=\u20090.009) and bridging callus formation (12.5 weeks in group 1 vs. 10.7 weeks in group 2, p\u2009=\u20090.009) was significantly earlier in group 2. Despite similar union rates between groups, the mean time for radiological union was longer in group 2 (10.7 vs 7.4 months, p\u2009=\u20090.001). Though statistically insignificant, more asymmetric union was observed in group 2 (17 vs 11 cases). Despite a delay in initial callus and bridging callus formation, scattering the proximal screws was better in achieving earlier and more balanced radiographic union than the clustered fixation. We recommend to avoid bridging more than five holes in the whole plate fixation construct to lessen the asymmetric callus formation and to prevent eventual plate breakage