Association between neonatal hyperglycemia and retinopathy of prematurity: a meta-analysis

Abstract

Through a meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate whether neonatal hyperglycemia was associated with an increased risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by summarizing all available observational evidence. We searched online databases for studies published prior to December 2020; 26745 neonates with 3227 cases of ROP in 11 case–control studies and 997 neonates with 496 cases of hyperglycemia in 5 cohort studies were included. The results showed that the association between hyperglycemia and the occurrence of ROP was statistically significant in case–control studies (OR 3.93, 95% CI 2.36–6.53) and cohort studies (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.11–2.60). Besides, the borderline significant association between the duration of hyperglycemia and ROP was observed in case–control studies (MD = 1.96, 95% CI 0.90–3.03; adjusted OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15). Furthermore, we found that the mean blood glucose level is higher in the ROP group than the non-ROP group in case–control studies (MD = 14.86, 95% CI 5.06–24.66) and the mean blood glucose level is higher in the hyperglycemia group than in the non-hyperglycemia group (MD = 86.54, 95% CI 11.03–162.05). However, after adjusting other confounders, the association between the mean blood glucose level and ROP varied in cohort studies (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.23–3.13) and case–control studies (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.05). Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates that preterm infants with hyperglycemia have a tendency to increase the risk of ROP. Further studies will be required to achieve a firm conclusion for hyperglycemia and ROP and promote a better understanding of the prevention of ROP. Trial registration: CRD42021228733 What is Known: • Hyperglycemia including the duration and daily mean blood glucose concentration has been associated with the risk of developing ROP in some clinical studies. Current evidence cannot reach a consensus on whether neonatal hyperglycemia is a risk factor for ROP. What is New: • This meta-analysis demonstrates that preterm infants with hyperglycemia have a tendency to increase the risk of ROP. • While the association between the mean blood glucose level and ROP remains inconclusive. What is Known: • Hyperglycemia including the duration and daily mean blood glucose concentration has been associated with the risk of developing ROP in some clinical studies. Current evidence cannot reach a consensus on whether neonatal hyperglycemia is a risk factor for ROP. What is New: • This meta-analysis demonstrates that preterm infants with hyperglycemia have a tendency to increase the risk of ROP. • While the association between the mean blood glucose level and ROP remains inconclusive.