Stage II and stage III periodontitis clinical burdens of HIV-1 undergoing antiretroviral therapy

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to estimate the association of HIV-1 infection under highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) on the clinical parameters of periodontitis. Materials and methods A total of 205 patients were divided in two groups: 74 HIV\u2009+\u2009and 131 HIV\u2009−\u2009. Periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and visible supragingival biofilm (VSB) were recorded. The association of HIV-1 infection with the presence of at least 3 sites with PPD\u2009≥\u20095 mm and/or CAL\u2009≥\u20094 mm in non-adjacent teeth was estimated using binary logistic regression models. Results The variables HIV-1 infection (OR\u2009=\u20095.53, p\u2009<\u20090.0001, 95% CI: 2.45–13.64), age [range 35–50 years old (OR\u2009=\u20095.73, p\u2009<\u20090.0001, 95% CI: 2.49–13.20);\u2009>\u200950 years old (OR\u2009=\u20096.29, p\u2009=\u20090.002, 95% CI: 1.94–20.42)], and VSB (OR\u2009=\u200923.68, p\u2009<\u20090.0001, 95% CI: 8.07–69.53) showed a significant direct association with BOP outcome. Conclusions HIV-1 infection under HAART did not have association with the presence of at least 3 sites with PPD\u2009≥\u20095 mm and/or CAL\u2009≥\u20094 mm. However, HIV patients on HAART had direct association of HIV-1 infection with BOP and an inverse association with PPD. Clinical relevance These results support that monitoring gingival bleeding associated with oral prophylaxis would be beneficial in the prevention and management of periodontitis in HIV-1 patients on HAART.