Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and dystonia overlapping mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes due to m.14459G>A mutation

Abstract

To report a Chinese family with combined m.14459G>A mutation and m.6064A>T mutation of which the female proband presenting unique Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and dystonia (LDYT) overlapping mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) phenotype. Clinical information of the pedigree was collected. We performed muscle biopsy and whole-length mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing on the proband. The activity of respiratory chain complexes in immortalized lymphoblasts was determined. The current 23-year-old proband suffered from vision decline at age 15 and developed seizures and dystonia with bilateral lesions in precentral gyri at age 18. When she was 21, the lesions in bilateral putamen were found with elevated cerebrospinal fluid lactate. Her mother had optic atrophy; one of her brother died at age 4 with respiratory distress; and the other 8-year-old brother was asymptomatic. Muscle biopsy of the proband was unremarkable. The mtDNA sequencing revealed a heteroplasmic m.14459G>A mutation and a previously unreported m.6064A>T mutation. The respiratory chain complex I activity in the proband’s immortalized lymphoblasts was 50% less than the normal control; while there was no statistical difference between the proband and the normal control in the activity of complex IV. We presented the first case exhibiting LDYT and MELAS phenotype with m.14459G>A mutation, and the decreased complex I activity contributed to the pathogenicity. Our study expanded the clinical spectrum of m.14459G>A mutation.