Evolution of cardiac geometry and function in women with severe preeclampsia from immediately post-delivery to 1 year postpartum

Abstract

Preeclampsia is associated with left ventricular (LV) geometrical and functional changes, which could be related to cardiovascular risk later in life. The purpose of our study was to evaluate evolution of LV dimensions and function in severe preeclamptic women from immediately post-delivery to 1 year postpartum. Twenty-five women with severe preeclampsia and 15 healthy term controls underwent standard and speckle-tracking echocardiography 1 day after delivery and 1 year postpartum. On day 1 post-delivery preeclamptic women were exposed to higher preload (p\u2009=\u20090.003) and afterload (p\u2009<\u20090.001) compared to controls. Parameter of longitudinal LV systolic function s’ was significantly lower in preeclamptic compared to control group (p\u2009=\u20090.017) 1 day post-delivery. Additionally, diastolic function parameters were significantly more impaired in preeclamptic compared to control group (lower e′ (p\u2009=\u20090.02) and higher E/e′ ratio (p\u2009=\u20090.003) in preeclamptic group). Larger LV mass (p\u2009=\u20090.03) and a trend of higher proportion of altered cardiac geometry (p\u2009=\u20090.061) were observed in preeclampsia 1 day post-delivery. One year after delivery both groups had comparable geometric and functional parameters with similar afterload and preload (p\u2009>\u20090.05, for all). In preeclamptic group systolic and diastolic functional parameters improved significantly during follow-up (p\u2009<\u20090.05), while no such evolution was noted in controls (>\u20090.05). In women with severe preeclampsia subtle cardiac functional impairment immediately post-delivery completely resolved 1 year postpartum. Observed cardiac alterations suggest intrinsic myocardial dysfunction in preeclampsia, which became unmasked or exacerbated by higher load imposed on the LV immediately post-delivery that disappeared in mid-term follow-up.