Fine Ultra-small Ruthenium Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by Using Catharanthus roseus and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts and Their Efficacy Towards In Vitro Assays, Antimicrobial Activity and Catalytic: Adsorption Kinetic Studies Using Methylene Blue Dye

Abstract

A simple one step green procedure is intended to investigate for the first time by employing ruthenium oxide nanoparticles (RuO2 NPs) derived from Catharanthus roseus (CR) and Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves and evaluate their catalytic—degradation of MB dye, antibacterial screening and in vitro antioxidant assays. The as-synthesized RuO2 NPs were characterized by XRD, HR-TEM, FT-IR, EDX and UV–Visible spectrometer. The HR-TEM image reveals spherical morphology with average particle size 5.6 nm (CR-RuO2 NP) and 4.6 nm (MO-RuO2 NP). The research findings of the current study elucidates the superiority of CR-RuO2 NPs and well exhibited towards scavenging activity, admirable anti-bacterial effect against K. pneumonia (21.6\u2009±\u20090.24 mm), and catalytic degradation percentage as 79.02%. The adsorption kinetics indeed suggest more impressive pseudo-second-order kinetic model than Lagergren first-order kinetics at 10 ppm concentration of MB dye. Our results thus provide a platform for further research on the applications of RuO2 NPs as disinfectant and better catalyst.