Effects of Boletus Poisoning on Estrogen Receptors and Neurotransmitters in Rats Based on ERk1/2 Pathway

Abstract

Estrogen is primarily an endocrine hormone produced by the ovaries and, to a lesser degree, glands of the adrenal cortex s zona reticularis layer. However, it can be synthesized from other tissues and can possess both autocrine and paracrine activities of the target tissue or organ. Its activities, only possible through ligand(estrogen)-receptor interaction, range from reproduction health to skeletal development. These activities can, however, be modulated by using an antagonist. An antagonist is anything that binds to the receptors to prevent the action of a particular hormone, neurotransmitter, or enzyme.The antagonist can specifically bind to the pituitary GnRH receptor, thus blocking the effect of GnRH on the pituitary and reducing the secretion of pituitary GN.Notwithstanding its numerous physiological activities, estrogen is also implicated in some cancers pathophysiology, specifically estrogen (E2)-induced growth factor-related breast cancers. Androgen receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is encoded by a full-length 90\xa0kb gene from the long arm of X chromosome 11.2–12, which contains 7 introns and 7 exons. There are two isomers of messenger RNA encoding 920 and 388 amino acid residues, respectively.This is because estrogen acts as a mediator for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERk) activation, facilitating cell proliferation, which can progress autonomously. This research investigates the effects of boletus poisoning on estrogen receptors and neurotransmitters in rats based on the ERk 1/2 pathway. A prospective study was conducted for which two sets of experimental studies were performed using albino rats. The first experiment was to determine the toxic dose. This is the dosage for which the saturation point will be reached and the existing estrogen on the receptors displaced. The second set of the experiment was to determine the pathophysiology of this poisoning on the albino rats. A 200\xa0mg/100\xa0kg b.wt oral administration of boletus spp juice and 250\xa0mg/100\xa0kg b.wt of alcohol extracts were administered using an oral gavage to the test specimens. The toxic effects were then recorded for the next 24\xa0h of administration. The results indicated low levels of breast cancer markers in test specimens than those of control specimens. This is because the BoletusBoletus acted as an antagonist blocking the action of E2 on estrogen receptors (ERs).