Apoptosis Detection Methods in Diagnosis of Cancer and Their Potential Role in Treatment: Advantages and Disadvantages: a Review

Abstract

Introduction Interruption of regulation of apoptosis can play a leading role in cancers where elevated apoptosis causes neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, AIDS, and ischemia. One famous example can be p53’s downregulation, which is a tumor suppressor gene, which consequently can cause a decrease in apoptosis rate and intense tumor growth and progression and development and inactivation of 53; it can be extended to many cancers in human. Anyhow, apoptosis is a double-edge sword. There are many trials and studies are going on observation and understanding of different steps involved in apoptosis. Apoptosis has a very major role in carcinogenesis and the treatment of cancer. Aim In this updated-cum-comprehensive review, we would like to cover what is apoptosis and cancer and also, will discuss all known methods of apoptosisdetection, their applicability in the treatment of cancer, and their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. Material and methods Published articles on indexing sources such as PubMed, Scopus from 2000 to date. Result By considering all above information including each methods pros and cons, these routine methods could be great tool with distinctive qualities in treatmentwhich can be great help from patient perspective and as well from government ad health care system point of view. Conclusion Accurate diagnosis of cell apoptotic biopathways at different stages assists in evaluating near to exact apoptotic index, which is the perfect sign andindicator for metastasis and also prognosis, thus foreseeing treatment outcome.