Modulating the lateral profile in extensive air showers for Yakutsk EAS array

Abstract

In this work, the effects of extensive air showers (EASs) were described by estimating the lateral distribution function (LDF) at very high energies of various cosmic-ray particles. The LDF simulation was performed using the air shower extended simulation (AIRES) system version 2.8.4a. LDF was simulated for charged particles such as pair production, muons, and all charged particles at very high energies (10 16 , 10 18 , and 10 19 \xa0eV). The effect of primary particles, energies, and zenith angle ( θ ) on the LDF of the charged particles produced in the EAS was taken into account. The LDF simulation of the charged particles was compared with the experimental results and found to be in good agreement with the pair production and muon particles in energies of 10 18 and 10 19 \xa0eV for θ \u2009\xa0=\xa010°. LDF parameterization of charged secondary particles (electrons and positrons) and secondary muon particles, initiated by primary proton and iron nuclei at the energy 10 19 \xa0eV, was performed. On the basis of this simulation, sets of approximating functions for primary protons and iron nuclei for vertical showers were obtained.