New Molecular Imaging Strategies to Detect Inflammation in the Vulnerable Plaque

Abstract

Purpose of reviewInflammation is an essential component of atherosclerosis and is intimately linked with plaque destabilization. Recent trials showed that therapies directed at inhibiting the systemic inflammatory cascade reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Hence, accurate molecular imaging of inflammation may help us identify patients for whom targeted therapies could be maximally effective.Recent findingsNumerous probes have been developed to detect different inflammatory components of atherosclerosis. Although 18F-deoxyglucose has been in use for a long time, new tracers such as 18F-sodium and 67Ga-dotatate have shown greater specificity for coronary artery lesions and have preferentially localized in unstable plaques.SummaryDespite recent progress, clear evidence that imaging of inflammation within atherosclerotic lesions translates into optimization of treatment and reduction of events is still missing. Imaging research will continue to attempt to deliver precision care to patients in greater need.