Sensor-based characteristics of kaolin and the adsorption of heavy metal ions

Abstract

Because heavy metals are highly toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative, they are likely to cause serious damage to humans and nature through the food chain mechanism. Therefore, the development of accurate, fast, and sensitive electrochemical heavy metal ion sensors is very effective in detecting and controlling the types and contents of heavy metals. Kaolin is a natural clay mineral resource that exists in nature. Its structure and performance are stable. It also has some defects, such as high impurities, weak ion exchange, low reactivity, and low utilization rate, but it is good in improving wastewater pollution. The harmful effects of heavy metal pollution, widespread dissemination, and non-degradable properties can easily pose a serious threat to humans and nature. Therefore, researchers are trying to find fast, sensitive, and accurate heavy metal ion detection technology to solve the heavy metal pollution problem in today’s water environment. Electrochemical analysis technology is a kind of heavy metal trace analysis method that is convenient to use, relatively easy to detect, relatively flexible, and highly targeted, and can determine various heavy metal ions. At the same time, choosing excellent working electrode modification materials is also the key to electrochemical experiments. Coal series kaolin can be used as a cost-effective and easy-to-maintain adsorbent after improving the adsorbent. This article introduces methods to improve the adsorption performance of kaolin, reduce processing costs, and research reforms to influence the appearance, structural properties, and adsorption performance.