Influence of Industrial and Agricultural by-Products as Cementitious Blends in Self-Compacting Concrete – A Review

Abstract

Globally, the annual generation of industrial and agricultural by-products is exceeding a thousand million tons and forecasted to tremendously inflate in the future. The by-products are usually either landfilled or incinerated causing environmental impacts. Many waste products are effectively utilized in the development of eco-friendly concrete. This study targets the adoption of generated by-products as an alternative to cement in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC) based on the existing literature. SCC is majorly composed of high cement content, aggregates, chemical admixtures, and water. On the other hand, the cement production emits high levels of carbon dioxide causing environmental hazards and could be reduced to a certain extent by implementing these by-products as cement blends. The by-products are examined for its suitability by the material characterization, physical and chemical properties to match the pozzolanic behavior. This paper reviews comprehensively on the effect of utilizing industrial and agricultural by-products on the workability, strength, permeability, and microstructural performance when blended with SCC. This study summarizes the advantages of utilizing by-products towards the production methodology of a more sustainable and environmentally friendly SCC.