Entropy optimization in hybrid radiative nanofluid (CH3OH\u2009+\u2009SiO2\u2009+\u2009Al2O3) flow by a curved stretching sheet with cross-diffusion effects

Abstract

Compared to (pure) methanol, methanol-based nanofluids are more effective in several aspects like thermophysical properties. For example, specific heat and thermal conductivity are increased at higher temperature. Researchers experimentally discovered that methanol-based hybrid nanofluid (CH3OH+SiO2+Al2O3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\text{CH}}_{{3}} {\\text{OH}} + {\\text{SiO}}_{2} + {\\text{Al}}_{{2}} {\\text{O}}_{3}$$\\end{document}) is useful to enhance the absorption rate of CO2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\text{CO}}_{{2}}$$\\end{document} in a tray column absorber. Despite numerous reports on hybrid nanofluid via curved stretching sheet, so far, no work is done on the impact of increasing Brinkman number, activation energy on the dynamics of methanol conveying silica and alumina when thermal radiation and cross-diffusion effects are profoundly significant. In the present paper, the examination of methanol-based hybrid fluid flow across a bended (curved) stretching sheet with cross-diffusion effects (Soret–Dufour numbers) and activation energy is made. An analysis of entropy generation on the fluid flow is also visualized. Suitable similarity transformations are applied to modify the leading equations as nonlinear ODEqns. Shooting procedure (R–K 4th order based) is performed to unriddle the consequent equations. Outcomes are explicated via graphs in two cases, i.e., hybrid fluid (methanol\u2009+\u2009silica\u2009+\u2009alumina) and nanofluid (methanol\u2009+\u2009silica). The important outcomes are: curvature parameter ameliorates the velocity but minifies the friction factor and escalation in entropy generation is recognized for the acclivity in Brinkman number and magnetic field parameter. Moreover, we witnessed that activation energy parameter steps up the concentration profile, nanoparticle volume fraction parameters minimizes the friction factor, reaction rate parameter ameliorates concentration, thermal radiation elevates the temperature and Dufour number and Brinkman number are useful to minimize the heat transfer rate. It is interesting to mention that influence of magnetic field on velocity profile depends on the value of nanoparticle volume fraction. Further, our results are validated with previous results for surface drag force under limited conditions and we detected a respectable accord.