Association between major dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome components: a population-based study from north-west of Iran

Abstract

IntroductionConsidering the importance of determining the association between dietary patterns and diseases in each population, the association of major dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in an adult population of north-west of Iran was studied.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the data of the major Lifestyle Promotion Project conducted in north-west of Iran in 2015 was used. Anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, and biochemical profile of 531 participants were measured. MetS was determined according to the adult panel III criteria. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The logistic regression analysis was adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, education, and physical activity level (model 1) and further for BMI and energy intake (model 2).ResultsThree major dietary patterns including animal food, healthy, and Western patterns were identified. Fasting blood sugar was significantly lower in the first tertiles of the Western dietary pattern (p value of the fully adjusted model (model 2), 0.02). According to the results of logistic regression, in both unadjusted model (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.69) and adjusted (demographic factors) model (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.75), individuals in the second tertile of animal food dietary pattern had significantly higher odds for high diastolic blood pressure.ConclusionsAvoidance from animal food dietary pattern could be suggested by dietitians for prevention of hypertension in the adult population.