Bioremediation of Textile Dye Procion Red Yellow by Using Pseudomonas fluorescens

Abstract

Dyes primarily present in effluents from textile industries are recalcitrant organic molecules with a complex aromatic structure, which are considered difficult to eliminate, degrade and detoxify biologically. In the current study, Pseudomonas fluorescens was used to degrade Procion Red Yellow. The bacterium P. fluorescens NCIM 2100 was procured from National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune, India, that was well adapted to grow and survive in broth supplemented with dyes. The dye was exposed to bacterium followed by the identification of its degradation products by a combination of\xa0UV, 1H NMR and IR spectrophotometry. After exposure, the dye was firstly broken down into an intermediate compound lacking azo benzene group. This compound further changed into another intermediate compound that may contain either OH or NH group. This intermediate finally changed into 3, 5-diamino-1, 4, 6, 8-tetrahydroxy-2,7-naphthyldisulfonic acid sodium salt or 1, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexa-hydroxy-2, 7-naphthyldisulfonic acid sodium salt in broth. These breakdown or transformation products were innoxious in nature. Thus P. fluorescens can be used as a promising candidate for the bioremediation of the textile effluents containing Procion Red Yellow to offer promise for environmental decontamination and even greater development for green chemistry in the near future.