Psychiatry Residents as Medical Student Educators: a Review of the Literature

Abstract

Professional organizations and medical schools need trainees as medical student educators. There are limited data describing the training of residents and fellows as educators. There are also limited data describing the impact of trainee educators on medical student performance and clerkship experience. A narrative literature search was done in PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO from inception to January 1, 2021, to explore the approaches, methods, and outcomes (e.g., potential benefits) of psychiatric trainees as medical student educators. A total of 630 papers were screened using title and abstract, of which 20 met inclusion criteria. Studies were categorized into four quality tiers based on methodology. Studies described how training programs utilized trainees as student educators, and various methods of teaching instruction. Residents and fellows valued being educators and reported these experiences increased teaching abilities. Medical students rated trainee educators well. Resident-led teaching initiatives were associated with increased exam scores in one study. Data were limited by low survey response rates, qualitative (i.e., subjective) inquiry, and heterogeneity in teaching and training modalities. Due to a lack of high-quality studies, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn about the effectiveness of psychiatry trainees as medical educators nor about how to best train them as educators. Nevertheless, literature suggests that incorporating trainees as educators both augments resident and fellow training and enhances medical student experience and performance. Future research should assess needs and standardize methods, curricula, and outcome measures more systematically.