Debris in Deep Water

Abstract

Abstract Marine debris is a recognized global ecological concern. Increasing numbers of quantitative studies worldwide are investigating litter distribution and its influence on deep habitats (50–7000\xa0m depth), but little is still known about the extent of the problem. Anthropogenic and environmental factors influence the distribution of debris that enters the seas from both land-based and marine sources. Debris can be displaced for long distances by wind and currents before sinking and can converge in accumulation areas, such as canyons. Plastics typically comprise 50%–80% of debris, due to their wide use and high resistance to degradation. Plastic-related-fishing debris are typical in rocky habitats (≈\xa070% of items), which traditionally are subject to intense fishing effort. The widespread presence of debris is strongly impacting deep-water organisms and habitats worldwide. Standardized approaches and specific conservation measures are needed in order to protect unique deep-sea ecosystems that are progressively under threat.